Cancer cytopathology focuses on the study and diagnosis of cancer through the examination of individual cells or small groups of cells. Cytopathologists analyze cell samples to identify malignancies and precancerous conditions. This subspecialty is essential in diagnosing cancers such as cervical, breast, lung, and thyroid cancers, among others.
Common Cancer Cytopathology Techniques:
Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA): A minimally invasive procedure where cells are extracted from a suspicious lump or mass using a thin needle.
Pap Smear (Papanicolaou test): A screening method commonly used for detecting cervical cancer.
Body fluid cytology: Analysis of cells in fluids like pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid for cancer detection.
Key Roles of Cancer Cytopathology:
Early Cancer Detection: Cytology enables early identification of malignant cells, facilitating timely intervention.
Screening: Cytopathology is crucial in population-based screening programs, particularly for cervical cancer.
Tumor Typing and Staging: Cytopathologists help in classifying the type and stage of cancer, guiding treatment.
Follow-up and Monitoring: Post-treatment cytology exams are used to monitor recurrence or progression of the disease.
